Android Apk Unprotected Exported Services
Description
Detects Android services that are marked as exported but lack proper protection mechanisms (like permissions). Unprotected exported services can be accessed by any other application on the device, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive functionality or data exposure.
Detection Strategy
• Treats a service in AndroidManifest.xml as exported when it has android:exported="true", or when it has an intent-filter, no android:exported and a target SDK lower than 31
• Triggers when an exported service has no android:permission attribute
• Triggers when an exported service's permission is declared in the manifest with an android:protectionLevel other than signature
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