Lack of data validation - Path Traversal In github.com/traefik/traefik/v3
Description
Traefik: Kubernetes Ingress NGINX RewriteTarget Path Traversal Allows Route-Level Authentication Bypass ## Summary There is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik's Kubernetes Ingress NGINX provider. When an Ingress uses the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target annotation with a regular expression that captures attacker-controlled text without requiring a path separator (for example path /api(.*) with rewrite target /$1), the generated RewriteTarget middleware can turn an initially safe request path into a dot-segment traversal path after the router has already been selected. ## Patches - https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.7.8 ## For more information If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please open an issue.
Original Description
## Summary Traefik's Kubernetes Ingress NGINX provider creates an internalRewriteTarget middleware for the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target annotation. When an Ingress path captures attacker-controlled text without requiring a path separator, the middleware can turn an initially safe path into a dot-segment traversal path after Traefik has already selected the router. For example, with Ingress path /api(.*) and rewrite target /$1, an unauthenticated request to /api../admin follows this flow: 1. The default entry-point path sanitizer leaves /api../admin unchanged because api.. is one ordinary segment. 2. The public router's PathRegexp("(?i)^/api(.*)") rule matches. 3. RewriteTarget captures ../admin and creates /../admin. 4. The middleware forwards /../admin without checking whether path normalization changes it. 5. A backend that normalizes paths resolves /../admin to /admin. 6. The request reaches content intended to be reachable only through a separate /admin router with BasicAuth, DigestAuth, or ForwardAuth. This is an unpatched sibling of GHSA-cxjq-mrr5-89rv, which added post-replacement normalization validation to ReplacePathRegex. The separate ingress-nginx RewriteTarget implementation did not receive the same validation. The bypass remains exploitable in the patched Traefik v3.7.7 release. ## Severity Proposed severity: Critical CVSS 3.1: 9.1 — CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Attack vector: Network - Attack complexity: Low once the affected routing pattern exists - Privileges required: None - User interaction: None - Scope: Unchanged - Confidentiality: High - Integrity: High - Availability: None Primary weakness: CWE-22 — Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) Secondary weakness: CWE-288 — Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel The practical impact depends on the protected backend paths. If they are read-only or low sensitivity, environmental severity may be lower. ### Exploitation Preconditions - The Kubernetes Ingress NGINX provider is enabled. - A public Ingress uses rewrite-target with a regex that can capture .. adjacent to the matched prefix, such as /api(.*) with /$1. - A protected router exposes another path on the same backend, such as /admin, and relies on a Traefik authentication or authorization middleware. - The backend normalizes dot segments before dispatching the request. These are deployment prerequisites; the remote attacker needs no credentials or special timing. ## Affected Components ### Confirmed versions - Traefik v3.7.0 through v3.7.7 - Current master at commit b93f02cd07b79490fb8c8f02e301a7a1ec553195 - Current v3.7 branch at 69259c3acc9d4bdc065cb2e3b83336f7de3e7038 The vulnerable middleware is present in every stable v3.7 release checked. The v2.11 and v3.6 branches do not contain this ingress-nginx RewriteTarget implementation. ### Code locations - pkg/provider/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/middleware.go:257-274 - Converts the Ingress path and rewrite-target annotation directly into dynamic.RewriteTarget configuration. - pkg/middlewares/ingressnginx/rewritetarget/rewrite_target.go:85-157 - Performs capture-based path rewriting and forwards the rewritten path without normalization validation. - pkg/server/middleware/middlewares.go:346-353 - Instantiates the vulnerable middleware in the live HTTP chain. ## Root Cause The provider passes the route regex and annotation replacement into the middleware: go loc.RewriteTarget = &dynamic.RewriteTarget{ Regex: loc.Path, Replacement: rewrite, } RewriteTarget.ServeHTTP then derives a path from attacker-controlled capture groups: go newTarget = rt.regexp.ReplaceAllString(currentPath, rt.replacement) req.URL.RawPath = newTarget req.URL.Path, err = url.PathUnescape(req.URL.RawPath) req.RequestURI = req.URL.RequestURI() rt.next.ServeHTTP(rw, req) There is no invariant check between PathUnescape and forwarding to ensure that req.URL.Path equals its normalized form. Because routing happens before middlewares execute, any protected router that would match the normalized result is never reconsidered. The core ReplacePathRegex middleware now enforces this invariant by calling req.URL.JoinPath() and returning HTTP 400 when normalization changes the replacement. RewriteTarget implements equivalent capture-based behavior but lacks that check. Default entryPoints.<name>.http.sanitizePath=true does not prevent this issue. Sanitization occurs before routing and before RewriteTarget creates the traversal sequence. ## Impact An unauthenticated network attacker can bypass route-level authentication or authorization and access protected paths on the backend. Depending on the protected API, this can allow: - reading administrative or sensitive data; - invoking privileged state-changing endpoints with GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE; - bypassing BasicAuth, DigestAuth, ForwardAuth, IP restrictions, or other controls attached only to the protected router; - crossing intended public/protected path boundaries with one HTTP request. The middleware is method-agnostic, so the issue is not limited to read-only requests. ## Proof of Concept ### Validation Environment - Traefik v3.7.7 official Linux amd64 release - Release archive SHA-256 verified as 5c8ff19144683f862c04e8ac01893e8cd94a3519d3d9ca3e6fbd0a7de73261ba - Default sanitizePath=true - Node.js v24 backend - Kubernetes Ingress NGINX provider fed valid Ingress, Service, EndpointSlice, and Secret objects through a local Kubernetes API fixture No Traefik source files were modified. ### 1. Create the normalizing backend Save as backend.js: javascript const http = require("http"); const path = require("path"); http.createServer((req, res) => { const rawPath = req.url.split("?", 1)[0]; const normalizedPath = path.posix.normalize(rawPath); const protectedPath = normalizedPath === "/admin" || normalizedPath.startsWith("/admin/"); const body = JSON.stringify({ rawPath, normalizedPath, result: protectedPath ? "ADMIN_SECRET_DATA" : "PUBLIC", }); res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "application/json" }); res.end(body); }).listen(19090, "127.0.0.1"); Run it: bash node backend.js ### 2. Apply the Kubernetes objects The ExternalName service makes an externally run Traefik process connect to the local backend. If Traefik runs inside the cluster, replace it with a normal Deployment and ClusterIP Service. ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: basic-auth namespace: default type: Opaque stringData: auth: | admin:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/ --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: backend namespace: default spec: type: ExternalName externalName: localhost ports: - name: http port: 19090 targetPort: 19090 --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: public-api namespace: default annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: "/$1" spec: rules: - http: paths: - path: /api(.*) pathType: ImplementationSpecific backend: service: name: backend port: number: 19090 --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: protected-admin namespace: default annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: AuthenticationMitigation
Update Impact
Minimal update. May introduce new vulnerabilities or breaking changes.
Ecosystem | Component | Affected version | Patched versions |
|---|---|---|---|
 go | 3.7.8 |
Aliases
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References
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